The Cuban Microbiome: insights into health, disease, and the role of diet in microbiome recoveryome Recovery
Keywords:
Microbiome, alpha diversity, Cuban population, diabetesAbstract
Introduction: Dietary patterns play a significant role in shaping the gut microbiome, where dysbiosis is closely associated with the development of diseases like type 2 diabetes and other health outcomes. The Cuban diet provides a distinct and valuable framework for advancing microbiome research.
Objectives: The aims of this study were characterizing the Cuban microbiome within the Cuban healthy population and highlight the potential of therapeutic strategies targeting specific microbial taxa to restore gut homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: A total of 92 fecal samples were analyzed to characterize the healthy Cuban microbiome and in in parallel a cohort of 20 participants of individuals with type 2 diabetes. Microbiome analysis was conducted by metagenomic 16S rRNA. Statistical comparisons were performed employed the Mann-Whitney U test. All statistical analyses were performed with a significance threshold of p < 0.05.
Results: At baseline, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing an average of 2,174 ± 122 total taxa were identified, suggesting a diverse and healthy gut microbiome among healthy participants. The analysis of the Cuban microbiome at the phylum level revealed a distinctive microbial composition reflective of the traditional Cuban diet. The comparison between the healthy microbiome with diabetes showed that while no taxa showed statistically significant differences between the two cohorts, certain patterns suggest shifts in microbial communities that align with diabetes-associated dysbiosis observed in other populations.
Conclusion This work will contribute to the global understanding of how diet and environment influence the human microbiome. By focusing on the Cuban population, this research bridges a critical gap in microbiome science, highlighting the importance of context-specific studies to improve health outcomes globally.
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