Variations in oral health due to diet in omnivores and vegetarians
Keywords:
dietary pattern; caries; periodontal disease; oral hygiene; macronutrientsAbstract
Introduction: There is sufficient scientific evidence that reinforces the importance of diet in the development of certain diseases, as well as the relationship between diet and oral health. However, the relationship between the dietary patterns of omnivores and vegetarians and oral health has not been widely analyzed.
Objective: To identify the frequency of food consumption in omnivores and vegetarians and its relationship with oral diseases.
Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in people between 20 years and 55 years of age, with an omnivorous and vegetarian diet in Veracruz and Xalapa, Veracruz. This study involved a food frequency questionnaire; oral examination using methods that indicate oral health (hygiene, caries, and periodontal disease); and, finally, salivary pH measurement.
Results: There were no significant differences in kilocalories and macronutrient values; however, in the oral indices, oral hygiene and caries history, a significant difference in means was shown between omnivores and vegetarians. Correlations between the variables studied revealed differences between omnivores and vegetarians, between women and men, and between groups with good and poor oral hygiene.
Conclusions: People with a vegetarian diet have better oral hygiene and a lower rate of decayed, missing, and filled teeth compared to people with an omnivorous diet.
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