Advances and challenges in Alzheimer's disease research
Keywords:
Alzheimer's disease, biomarkers, diagnostic, clinical trials, prevention, primary care providersAbstract
Introduction: 56 million people are living with dementia worldwide. This number is estimated to increase to 82 million in 2030 and 152 million in 2050, representing one of the most serious challenges that public health will face in the coming years.
Objective: To update on the most recent advances related to Alzheimer's disease, particularly the science of biomarkers, new diagnostic criteria, disease-modifying treatments and prevention strategies.
Methods: Bibliographic review of the literature on this subject published between January 1st, 2017 and July 30th, 2023 in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Lilacs, SciELO and Cochrane CENTRAL databases, using the terms "Alzheimer's", "dementia, biomarkers and clinical trials".
Results: The recent approval of disease-modifying therapies and the rapid development over the past decade of biomarkers that allow accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease even before the presence of clinical symptoms, bring us closer to cure or stop the progression of the disease. This rapidly changing picture has been accompanied by further development in our understanding of how dementia can be prevented by acting on its risk factors, lifestyle modifications and life course interventions.
Conclusions: The future development of biomarkers will allow the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease from the asymptomatic stages and will represent a greater benefit in the treatment of patients. The growing challenge that dementias represent requires the highest attention of governments.
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